In Thailand, choosing the right fuel for your vehicle can be somewhat confusing, given the variety of options available. From driving down the bustling streets of Bangkok to cruising through the serene countryside, understanding the different types of fuel is essential for every driver. This article breaks down the main fuel types used in Thailand, including gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). By exploring the characteristics and applications of each fuel type, we aim to provide a clear and practical guide to help you make informed decisions at the pump.
What types of fuel are sold in Thailand?
Drivers in Thailand have several fuel options to choose from, each suited to different engine types, performance needs, and budgets. While gasoline and diesel were the main fuels in the past, Thailand has largely shifted toward ethanol-blended fuels (Gasohol) to reduce costs and environmental impact. Today, the most commonly used fuels are Gasohol 91, Gasohol 95, and E20, which are compatible with most modern vehicles.
Selecting the right fuel is essential for maintaining your car’s performance, fuel efficiency, and engine longevity. Below is a breakdown of the main fuel types available in Thailand and what they are best suited for.
Regular Gasoline or Gasoline 91
Regular gasoline, or gasoline 91, is a traditional fuel developed by removing lead to ensure complete combustion and minimise environmental pollution. The number 91 represents the octane rating, indicating its combustion efficiency. This fuel is suitable for older gasoline engines, particularly those built before 1990.
- Suitable for:
- Older car models.
- Engines that do not require high-octane fuel.
- Budget-conscious drivers.
- Pros: Generally cheaper.
- Cons:
- May not provide optimal performance for modern engines.
- Lower octane rating can lead to engine knocking in high-performance engines.
Special Gasoline or Gasoline 95
Special gasoline, or gasoline 95, has a higher octane rating, which enhances combustion efficiency and engine performance. Initially designed for small engines and motorcycles, it is now used in various car types for better combustion. However, it is the most expensive fuel on the market and may soon be phased out.
- Suitable for:
- High-performance engines.
- Cars with high compression ratios.
- Drivers seeking better engine performance.
- Pros:
- Prevents engine knocking.
- Ensures smoother operation.
- Enhances engine performance and efficiency.
- Cons:
- More expensive than regular gasoline.
Gasohol 91
Introduced to reduce reliance on imported oil and support local agriculture, Gasohol 91 is an E10 fuel (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline). It’s widely used in Thailand and suitable for most modern vehicles, but always check your manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Suitable for:
- Most standard engines.
- Environmentally conscious drivers.
- Cars designed to handle ethanol-blended fuels.
- Pros:
- More environmentally friendly than pure gasoline.
- Reduces emissions compared to pure gasoline.
- Cons:
- May not offer the same performance as higher octane fuels.
- Ethanol content can slightly reduce fuel economy.
Gasohol 95
Gasohol 95 is designed for more efficient combustion and includes ethanol to reduce costs while maintaining performance. It consists of 90% gasoline mixed with 10% ethanol. This fuel is suitable for cars specifically designed for it, and due to its ethanol content, it requires a specially designed fuel tank to prevent evaporation.
- Suitable for:
- High-performance engines.
- Cars with high compression ratios.
- Drivers seeking better engine protection and efficiency.
- Pros:
- Better engine protection.
- Improved efficiency.
- Prevents knocking and ensures optimal performance.
- Cons:
- More expensive than Gasohol 91.
- Ethanol content can slightly reduce fuel economy.
Gasohol E20
Gasohol E20 is an environmentally friendly fuel option, consisting of 80% gasoline and 20% ethanol. It is designed for newer cars, typically those manufactured after 1997. Using this fuel in older cars may lead to incomplete combustion and engine issues.
- Suitable for:
- Most modern cars designed to handle ethanol-blended fuels.
- Drivers looking for a balance between cost and environmental impact.
- Pros:
- More environmentally friendly.
- Helps reduce emissions.
- Cons:
- May slightly reduce fuel economy due to the lower energy content of ethanol.
- Not suitable for older vehicles not designed for ethanol-blended fuels.
Gasohol E85
Gasohol E85 is a future-oriented fuel, containing only 15% gasoline and 85% ethanol. It burns efficiently but is consumed quickly. Only a limited number of car models are compatible with this type of fuel.
- Suitable for:
- Flex-fuel vehicles designed to run on high ethanol content.
- Drivers looking for a cheaper and cleaner-burning fuel.
- Pros:
- Cheaper than regular gasoline.
- Burns cleaner.
- Cons:
- Lower energy content than gasoline, which can lead to reduced fuel economy.
- Not suitable for all engines due to high ethanol content.
Biodiesel
Biodiesel was developed to address diesel shortages and keep prices stable. There are two types: B7 and B20, which contain 7% and 20% biodiesel (from vegetable oil, animal fat, or waste oil) mixed with pure diesel, respectively.
- Suitable for:
- Diesel engines.
- Drivers seeking a more sustainable fuel option.
- Vehicles used for long-distance driving and heavy loads.
- Pros:
- Lower emissions compared to traditional diesel.
- High energy density, translating to better fuel economy and longer driving range.
- Diesel engines are more efficient in converting fuel into power.
- Cons:
- Availability may be limited compared to traditional diesel.
- Can gel in cold temperatures, requiring additives or heated fuel lines.
So, what is the best fuel for your car?
The best fuel for your car depends on your engine type, age, and manufacturer recommendations, not simply the most expensive or highest octane option. In Thailand, most drivers will find that Gasohol 91, Gasohol 95, or E20 offer the best balance between performance, cost, and availability.
- Gasohol 91: Best for everyday driving and budget-conscious drivers with standard engines
- Gasohol 95: Ideal for newer cars or drivers who want better performance and engine protection
- Gasohol E20: A great choice for modern vehicles (post-1997) looking for a mix of cost savings and environmental benefits
- Gasohol E85: Only for flex-fuel vehicles; not suitable for most cars despite lower prices
- Gasoline 95 (Benzine): Recommended for high-performance or luxury cars that require higher octane
- Gasoline 91: Suitable mainly for older vehicles; less common for modern engines
- Diesel / Biodiesel (B7, B20): Best for diesel-powered vehicles, especially for long-distance driving and heavy-duty use
Thai gas stations and refuelling tips
Thailand is home to several well-known gas station brands that offer a range of services to meet the needs of drivers. Some of the most popular gas stations include:
- PTT: Thailand’s national energy company with the largest network. Known for reliable fuel quality and full-service stations, including convenience stores, cafés, and rest areas.
- Shell: Offers premium fuels and strong customer service, along with loyalty programs and clean facilities.
- Bangchak: A leading Thai brand focused on sustainability and biofuels, with a growing nationwide network after expanding its station portfolio.
- PT (PTG Energy): A fast-growing local brand known for competitive pricing and loyalty programs.
- Caltex: An international brand (Chevron) offering high-quality fuel and additives designed to improve engine performance.
These stations are strategically located nationwide, ensuring convenient access whether you’re driving in cities or on long-distance routes.
Refuelling tips for drivers in Thailand
Refuelling properly helps maintain your car’s performance and optimise fuel efficiency:
- Refuelling tips for drivers in Thailand
- Refuelling properly helps maintain your car’s performance and optimise fuel efficiency:
- Know your fuel type: Always use the fuel recommended by your car manufacturer to avoid engine damage and performance issues.
- Refuel at any time of day: Contrary to popular belief, filling up during cooler times does not give you more fuel. Modern stations store fuel underground, keeping temperatures stable throughout the day.
- Avoid overfilling: Stop when the pump clicks off to prevent spillage and fuel system issues.
- Check your fuel cap: A properly sealed fuel cap prevents evaporation and helps maintain efficiency.
- Use reputable gas stations: Stick to well-known brands for consistent fuel quality and service.
- Ask for assistance if needed: Attendants are common in Thailand;just clearly specify your fuel type and they will help you refuel.
- Avoid running on empty: Keeping some fuel in the tank helps protect the fuel pump and improves long-term reliability.
What happens when you put the wrong type of fuel?
Putting the wrong type of fuel in your car can lead to a range of problems, from reduced performance to serious engine damage. If you use fuel with an octane rating that is too low, your engine may start knocking, lose efficiency, or trigger the check engine light, indicating potential long-term damage to internal components. On the other hand, using fuel with higher ethanol content, such as E20 or E85, in a vehicle that is not designed for it can damage fuel system parts like seals, hoses, and the fuel pump.
In diesel vehicles, accidentally filling the tank with gasoline is especially serious, as it can prevent proper lubrication of engine components and lead to costly repairs. In most cases, if you realise the mistake early and avoid starting the engine, the issue can be resolved by draining the fuel system. However, if the engine has already been run, it’s important to seek professional assistance as soon as possible to minimise damage and repair costs.
What to do if you put in the wrong fuel
If you realise you’ve put the wrong fuel in your car, it’s important to act quickly to minimise potential damage. Here are the steps you should follow:
- Do not start the engine: If you haven’t started the car yet, don’t turn the key. Starting the engine can spread the incorrect fuel throughout the system, leading to further damage.
- Stop the engine immediately: If you’ve already started the car, turn it off as soon as you realise the mistake. This can help prevent further damage.
- Inform the gas station: Let the staff at the gas station know about the situation. They might have procedures in place to assist you.
- Call for professional help: Contact a roadside assistance service or a mechanic to drain and clean the fuel system. They have the required tools and expertise to handle the situation safely.
- Do not attempt to drive: Avoid driving the car, as this can cause more extensive damage to the engine and fuel system.
- Check your car insurance: Some insurance policies cover misfuelling. Check with your provider to see if you’re covered for the costs associated with draining and cleaning the fuel system.
- Follow-up with maintenance: After the wrong fuel has been removed, have your car inspected by a professional to ensure there are no lingering issues.
When something like filling the wrong fuel occurs, learning the right type of fuel for your car can help avoid damage to your car. Similarly, having reliable car insurance provides peace of mind for unexpected events on the road, such as breakdowns, running out of fuel, or a dead battery. With Roojai, you’re covered 24/7 with emergency roadside assistance available throughout Thailand. Our easy claim process and guaranteed repair quality for up to 12 months ensure you’re always taken care of, no matter where or when.
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